1. GridView

1.1. SliverGridDelegate

SliverGridDelegate是一个抽象类，定义了GridView Layout相关接口，子类需要通过实现它们来实现具体的布局算法。Flutter中提供了两个SliverGridDelegate的子类SliverGridDelegateWithFixedCrossAxisCount和SliverGridDelegateWithMaxCrossAxisExtent。

1.1.1. 1. SliverGridDelegateWithFixedCrossAxisCount

通过设置横轴子元素的数量和比例的layout算法。

SliverGridDelegateWithFixedCrossAxisCount({
  @required double crossAxisCount, 
  double mainAxisSpacing = 0.0,
  double crossAxisSpacing = 0.0,
  double childAspectRatio = 1.0,
})

1.1.2. 2. SliverGridDelegateWithMaxCrossAxisExtent

设置子元素最大长度的layout算法。

SliverGridDelegateWithMaxCrossAxisExtent({
  double maxCrossAxisExtent,
  double mainAxisSpacing = 0.0,
  double crossAxisSpacing = 0.0,
  double childAspectRatio = 1.0,
})

1.2. GridView.count

GridView.count构造函数内部使用了SliverGridDelegateWithFixedCrossAxisCount。

GridView.count( 
  crossAxisCount: 3,
  childAspectRatio: 1.0,
  children: <Widget>[
    Icon(Icons.ac_unit),
    Icon(Icons.airport_shuttle),
    Icon(Icons.all_inclusive),
    Icon(Icons.beach_access),
    Icon(Icons.cake),
    Icon(Icons.free_breakfast),
  ],
);

1.3. GridView.extent

GridView.extent构造函数内部使用了SliverGridDelegateWithMaxCrossAxisExtent。

GridView.extent(
   maxCrossAxisExtent: 120.0,
   childAspectRatio: 2.0,
   children: <Widget>[
     Icon(Icons.ac_unit),
     Icon(Icons.airport_shuttle),
     Icon(Icons.all_inclusive),
     Icon(Icons.beach_access),
     Icon(Icons.cake),
     Icon(Icons.free_breakfast),
   ],
);

1.4. GridView.builder

当子widget比较多时，我们可以通过GridView.builder来动态创建子widget。GridView.builder 必须指定的参数有两个：

GridView.builder(
 ...
 required SliverGridDelegate gridDelegate, 
 required IndexedWidgetBuilder itemBuilder,
)

1.5. 示例

假设我们需要从一个异步数据源（如网络）分批获取一些Icon，然后用GridView来展示：

class InfiniteGridView extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  _InfiniteGridViewState createState() => _InfiniteGridViewState();
}

class _InfiniteGridViewState extends State<InfiniteGridView> {
  List<IconData> _icons = []; //保存Icon数据

  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    // 初始化数据
    _retrieveIcons();
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return GridView.builder(
      gridDelegate: SliverGridDelegateWithFixedCrossAxisCount(
        crossAxisCount: 3, //每行三列
        childAspectRatio: 1.0, //显示区域宽高相等
      ),
      itemCount: _icons.length,
      itemBuilder: (context, index) {
        //如果显示到最后一个并且Icon总数小于200时继续获取数据
        if (index == _icons.length - 1 && _icons.length < 200) {
          _retrieveIcons();
        }
        return Icon(_icons[index]);
      },
    );
  }

  //模拟异步获取数据
  void _retrieveIcons() {
    Future.delayed(Duration(milliseconds: 200)).then((e) {
      setState(() {
        _icons.addAll([
          Icons.ac_unit,
          Icons.airport_shuttle,
          Icons.all_inclusive,
          Icons.beach_access,
          Icons.cake,
          Icons.free_breakfast,
        ]);
      });
    });
  }
}

GridView